Mutauro
Chindori
Copulatives
Tsanangudzo
ChiShona chinogona kuumba chirevo chakazara chisingashandisi chiito, tichishandisa mavara anonzi zvindori (copulatives), senge 'ndibaba vaTinei' (ndi- + baba vaTinei). Zvindori zvinosanganisira chiwedzera /ndi-/ (zita chairo), /nda-/ (mumipanda 2a, 2b nezvimwe), /nde-/ kana /ndo-/ (zvidudziramazita), /i-/ (mazita omumipanda 5,9,10), uye hwidzazwi (high tone) semucherechedzo wezvindori mune dzimwe nyaya.
In English
Shona can form a complete sentence without a verb, using special linking particles called copulatives, e.g. 'ndibaba vaTinei' ('it is Tinei's father'). Copulative prefixes include /ndi-/ (for proper nouns), /nda-/ (classes 2a, 2b and related forms), /nde-/ or /ndo-/ (for pronoun-type words), /i-/ (for nouns of classes 5, 9, and 10), and, in some cases, a high tone alone marking the copulative sense.